How Employment Credit Checks Keep Qualified Applicants From Getting the Job

by Amy Traub



Today, it is common for employers to look at job applicants’ personal credit history before making a hiring decision. According to a survey of human resources professionals, nearly half of employers check an employee’s credit history when hiring for some or all positions.1   The practice is hardly limited to high-level management positions: even a brief look at a popular job listing website reveals that employers require credit checks for jobs as diverse as doing maintenance work, offering telephone tech support, assisting in an office, working as a delivery driver, selling insurance, laboring as a home care aide, supervising a stockroom and serving frozen yogurt.2   Some employers also conduct credit checks on existing employees, often when they are considering a promotion.

Executive Summary (PDF) Employment Credit Checks Are Common Poor Credit Is Linked To Unemployment, Lack of Health Coverage, and Medical Debt People of Color are Disproportionately Likely To Report Poor Credit Credit Reporting Errors Are Commonly Cited as a Contributor to Poor Credit Policy Recommendations

Yet despite their prevalence, little is known about what credit checks actually reveal to employers, what the consequences are for job applicants, or employment credit checks’ overall impact on our society. This paper, drawing on new data from Demos’ 2012 National Survey on Credit Card Debt in Low- and Middle- Income Households, a nationally-representative survey of 997 low and middle-income American house- holds who carry credit card debt,3 addresses these questions and finds substantial evidence that employment credit checks constitute an illegitimate barrier to employment.     Credit reports were not designed as an employment screening tool. Instead, they were developed as a means for lenders to evaluate whether a would-be borrower would be a good credit risk: by looking at someone’s history of paying their debts, lenders decide whether to make a loan and on what terms.   Accordingly, credit reports include not only an individual’s name, address, previous addresses, and social security number, but also information on mortgage debt; data on student loans; amounts of car payments; details on credit card accounts including balances, credit limits, and monthly payments; bankruptcy records; bills, including medical debts, that are in collection; and tax liens.   Credit reports may be purchased by employers through any number of companies that offer employment background checks (which also may include checks of criminal records or other public data) but the credit portion of the report is typically supplied by one of three large global corporations: Equifax, Experian, and Transunion, which are also known as consumer reporting agencies (CRAs). Credit scores —another product used by lenders which consists of a single number calculated on the basis of information in a credit report—are not typically provided to employers.   Employment credit checks are legal under federal law. The Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) permits employers to request credit reports on job applicants and existing employees.4   Under the statute, employers must first obtain written permission from the individual whose credit report they seek to review. Employers are also required to notify individuals before they take “adverse action” (in this case, failing to hire, promote or retain an employee) based in whole or in part on any informa- tion in the credit report.   The employer is required to offer a copy of the credit report and a written summary of the consumer’s rights along with this notification. After providing job applicants with a short period of time (typically three to five business days) to identify and begin disputing any errors in their credit report, employers may then take action based on the report and must once again notify the job applicant.

Read the entire FANTASTIC paper by Amy Traub here

 

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Good Articles:

The Credit Score That You See is NOT the Same as Lenders See

FCRA Lawsuits Way up. Why?

Can Bad Credit Ruin Your Job Search?

Have you ever applied for a job and wondered if your bad credit would affect the outcome? Pre-employment credit checks aren't that uncommon these days. 

According to a survey released by the Society for Human Resource Management in 2010, 13 percent of the companies surveyed check the credit reports of all candidates and 47 percent check some candidates.


Should you be worried if you have a poor credit history?

Employment-related credit checks are legal in most states, but there are limits to what employers can see and how they can use your credit information. Here's what you need to know about credit reports and your job search.


Contrary to popular belief, employers can only see your credit report not your credit score. Credit reporting agencies do not provide your credit score to employers as part of the pre-employment screening process. "Credit scores are sold along with credit reports, but they are not the same thing," says John Ulzheimer, the president of consumer education at SmartCredit.com. 

Your credit report offers an overview of how much debt you have and whether you pay it on time, while your score is a number that represents your credit risk, usually between 300 and 850, based on this information. Under the Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act, all Americans are entitled to a free credit report, but not a free credit score, from each of the three major credit reporting agencies once every 12 months.


According to Mike Aitken, director of government affairs for SHRM, employers look at long-term trends, not whether you missed a loan payment or forgot to pay your Visa bill a few times. "They're looking to see if the person can handle their personal finances," he says. "In particular, they care about when things go into default or judgment." As Ulzheimer says, things get messy when collectors start calling the office or trying to garnish wages, so employers want to avoid those situations.


Before an employer can view your credit report, they need your permission in writing. That's a requirement under the Fair Credit Reporting Act. Once you grant permission, Ulzheimer says employers generally buy that information, along with a criminal background check and other information, from third-party screening companies. Aitken say it can cost employers upward of $200 to run background checks on each applicant, so they'll usually wait until they're almost ready to make a job offer. And unlike other credit inquiries, employment inquiries do not impact your credit score.


You could deny a prospective employer permission to view your credit report, but the company might not hire you without this information. Under the Fair Credit Reporting Act, before the employer makes an adverse decision based on your credit report, such as denying your job application, the employer must tell you and provide a copy of the credit report. They are not required to give you the opportunity to explain your bad credit, but SHRM's study found that 65 percent of employers say they give candidates the opportunity to explain the contents of their credit report before making a hiring decision. If you have serious credit issues, Gail Cunningham, vice president of public relations for the National Foundation for Credit Counseling in Washington, D.C., suggests being upfront about it. "I would be truthful and say succinctly what happened that caused your financial hiccup and how you intend to pull out of it," she says, adding that consumers can contact credit bureaus and electronically submit a 100-word explanation to accompany their credit reports.


Some states have or are getting stricter on pre-employment credit checks. An Illinois law took effect in January that outlaws employment-related credit checks except in a few very specific instances. Hawaii, Oregon and Washington already have laws limiting this practice. And 25 states have bills pending in the 2011 legislative session, according to the National Conference of State Legislatures. "In these economic times, with millions of people having a foreclosure or bankruptcy on their record, employers are going to have to rethink the relevance of a credit report with respect to a job applicant," says Cunningham.


Aikten knows of a few cases where a company chose not to make a job offer based on the findings of a credit check. In one case, a company discovered that a prospective CFO had tens of thousands dollars in gambling debt, so they felt a fiduciary responsibility to find someone else. But he stresses that credit reports are rarely the deciding factor. "Just because somebody has a bad credit report doesn't mean they'll embezzle or steal," says Aitken, "but it is a factor along with work experience, certification requirements and character references. It's one piece of the pie."


If you think you're home free once you land a job, think again.

"Ask anybody in the military who's lost their clearance," says Ulzheimer. "It's not terribly common, but you can lose your security clearance if you start to have collections issues." According to the 2010 SHRM survey, almost 20 percent of employers conduct ongoing credit and/or criminal background checks post-hire on employees working certain jobs, such as those with access to confidential information, and 5 percent do them for all employees. Some firms perform credit checks before granting a promotion or a change in status and some do so annually.

All the more reason to continually monitor your credit report and work to clear up any issues, as corrections won't happen overnight. Just as you shouldn't wait until you're applying for a car loan or a mortgage to think about your credit report, you shouldn't wait until you're asked to share your credit report with potential employers.

"People say 'I don't care what my credit report looks like, because I'm not applying for a loan,' but what if you lose your job tomorrow?" asks Ulzheimer. "You always have to be worried (about) what's on your credit report."


John Ulzheimer is the President of Consumer Education at SmartCredit.com, the credit blogger for Mint.com, and a contributor for the National Foundation for Credit Counseling. He is an expert on credit reporting, credit scoring and identity theft. Formerly of FICO, Equifax and Credit.com, John is the only recognized credit expert who actually comes from the credit industry. The opinions expressed in his articles are his and not of Mint.com or Intuit. Follow John on Twitter.

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How Tax Liens Affect Your Credit Score

Tax day 2012 has come and gone. If you’ve already gotten your tax refund, then congratulations! And if you had to write a check, hopefully it wasn’t too painful. For those of you who blew off your taxes or decided to play games with your returns, I’d like to introduce you to the phrase: tax lien.

A tax lien protects the government’s (either state or Federal) right to claim your property if you don’t pay your tax obligations. A lien can be attached to your money or your property. When the IRS or your state’s tax authority files a lien against you they do so as a public record. This means anyone, including credit bureaus, can see the lien.

All three of the major credit reporting agencies (Equifax, Experian, and TransUnion) report tax liens on their consumer credit reports as a matter of common practice. Once a lien has found its way to your credit reports, it’s not easily removed. In fact, tax liens have the potential to remain on your credit reports indefinitely. That’s because the “seven year rule" that applies to most negative credit items does not apply to tax liens.

A tax lien is considered a serious derogatory item and can lower your FICO scores significantly. And even when the lien has been paid or settled, it still has a serious negative impact to your credit scores.

The reason…the incident of the lien occurring is what’s problematic, not the current balance.
If you do end up with a tax lien on your credit reports then you can address them one of several ways;

Settle it

This is often referred to as an offer in compromise. This is just like a settlement of your defaulted credit card debt. You make an offer to the IRS and if they deem it to be of a reasonable amount, they’ll likely accept it. Once they accept the offer in compromise they will file a release of your lien. This does not result in the lien being removed from your credit reports. It simply updates it to show as a “released” lien. At this point you can add seven years to the release date and that’s when the lien will be removed from your credit reports.

Pay it

If you don’t have any sort of financial hardship justifying the offer in compromise then the IRS is going to want you to pay your tax lien in full. Once it has been paid in full, they will file a release of lien. The above credit reporting scenario applies to these released liens.

Request a withdrawal

Last February the IRS announced a new set of policies and procedures designed to entice taxpayers to pay their liens in full rather than offer settlements. Here’s the deal, if you pay your lien IN FULL, or enter into an installment repayment program that will eventually lead to your lien being paid in full, you can petition the IRS to withdrawn your lien, rather than simply release it. You’d use IRS form 12277 to apply for the withdrawal.
If you are successful getting your lien withdrawn then it will come off of your credit reports immediately. This is because the credit reporting agencies do not report withdrawn tax liens. This option has caused confusion with taxpayers and has lead to the following questions;

Removing the lien from your credit report

The IRS didn’t put the lien on your credit reports in the first place. They just filed it as a public record, which is how the credit bureaus got it. The IRS won’t help you get the lien removed. Once the withdrawal has been approved and filed, contact the credit bureaus and let them know the lien has been withdrawn. They’ll confirm your dispute and then remove the lien.

Will this work for state tax liens?

This withdrawal policy is an Internal Revenue Service policy and does not apply to the various state tax authorities. And while I’m not versed on the tax policies of all 50 states, I have not seen an example of this working for a state tax lien.

Is the policy retroactive?

I’ve been asked if this new withdrawal option will work for liens that were filed and then paid in full before the IRS’s announced their new withdrawal policy last year. While I can’t get an answer from the IRS on that front, I have had numerous consumers contact me with examples of successfully getting old tax liens withdrawn and subsequently removed from their credit reports. So yes, it does appear the policy is retroactive at least according to the evidence I’ve seen.

John Ulzheimer is the President of Consumer Education at SmartCredit.com, the credit blogger for Mint.com, and a contributor for the National Foundation for Credit Counseling.  He is an expert on credit reporting, credit scoring and identity theft. Formerly of FICO, Equifax and Credit.com, John is the only recognized credit expert who actually comes from the credit industry. The opinions expressed in his articles are his and not of Mint.com or Intuit. Follow John on Twitter.

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We Like NACA

By: Robert W Linkonis Sr.

I tell all my clients all the time that I am the "Debt Collector Terrorist". This is because a large part of my credit improvement program is getting on the phone with collection agencies, banks, finance companies and debt collectors to make them violate the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act. This forces them to "cease debt collection activities" and work out a settlement or cancellation of the debt.

In the Richmond Times Dispatch last week, I heard about the NACA event coming to the Richmond Convention Center for four days. They were coming to Richmond to help homeowners who are in risk of losing their homes work with the banks to find a solution to help them to avoid foreclosure. I was intrigued with the concept. Especially because of how big the movement was and the size of the venue they were leasing. .

I immediately thought that this company could offer help to some of my clients at Credit Restoration Associates, so I started researching the company.

The first thing that got my attention was their CEO, Bruce Marks. He started the concept for NACA when he was a Union Activist. This evolved into his work as the Executive Director of the Union Neighborhood Assistance Corporation (UNAC) and was one of the first to expose predatory lending and it's devastating impact and the main reason we are in the housing mess to begin with.

What Bruce started doing was make the lives of bank executives a "living hell" unless they started helping the very consumers that they took advantage of. Yes - a percentage of those people should not have been given the loans, but due to predatory lending practices, they WERE given the loans. The banks made out like fat cats when the homeowner is stuck with no other option except foreclosure.

I read where Bruce Marks had been called an "urban terrorist" who went to a speech of the president of Fleet Bank, CEO Terrence Murray, at Harvard University, disrupted the speech and made this man's life miserable for four long years. Eventually, the bank caved and started modifying the loans and help the people stay in their homes. 

 

Bruce's tactics sound like an extreme version of what I do to the debt collectors and collection agencies (the evil side of telemarketing). It actually inspired me to a large degree. Watch out debt collectors... so I had to go and see this event for myself. Here is a cell phone video clip of the event.

I wanted to meet Bruce Marks, but he was hosting the same event happening simultaneously in Charlotte, NC.  Kindred souls will just have to meet another day. 

The reason I wrote this post and am endorsing NACA is mainly because of the research done on the company and on Bruce Marks. Do some research yourself at: www. NACA.com. 

Please feel free to call Credit Restoration Associates at (800) 648-5157 for all questions relating to NACA and home foreclosure. We will always guide you in the right direction. We are the only legal and bonded credit repair company in Richmond, so you know that we are the only legitimate company you will talk with. Our office is on southside in the Boulders Office Complex next to Chippenham Hospital. Call us today and schedule a FREE credit consultation!

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Six Ways to Beat Late Fees

By Naomi Mannino

Did you know late fees are assessed on just about all your monthly bills? These include bills related to your mortgage, cellphone, cable, utilities, insurances, credit cards, library books, traffic tickets and even kids' activities. And, of course, Uncle Sam assesses severe late fees and penalties if you're past due with your tax payment.

"Issuers claim they are a way to account for risk, but our research in the credit card industry shows that is not the case. They are trying to maximize revenue with late fees," says Josh Frank, senior researcher for the Center for Responsible Lending.


Financial experts agree that credit card late fees have been reined in somewhat by the Credit Card Act of 2009, which limited late fees to $25 for the first violation and $35 for subsequent violations. But these rules have substantial loopholes and do not apply to small-business credit cards or any other type of late fees, which can ring up at $39 each and more for past due payments -- on your mortgage, for example.


Late Fees Have Big Consequences

"While late fees (for many debts) are not reported to the credit bureaus, the late payments certainly are. That loads your credit report with delinquencies and can trigger a rate increase on your other cards for all future purchases," says John Ulzheimer, president of Consumer Education at SmartCredit.com. - Say you have one of those zero percent interest credit cards. Many of those have a clause that says one late payment will have the account default to an interest rate as high as 35%.

Another caveat:

"Credit card issuers can revoke your air miles, rebates and rewards for late payments. You may be able to reinstate them, but you'll be charged a reinstatement fee," says Frank.

Dave Ramsey, personal finance expert and radio talk show host, says, "When you pay your bills late and incur that extra charge, you're simply paying more and more every month. You're putting yourself deeper into debt and making it harder to pay in full on time next month."


Late Fees Are Not in Your Budget

The 2011 Financial Literacy Survey from the National Foundation for Credit Counseling found that more than half of adults don't keep a budget or track their expenses. In order to break the cycle of debt and late fees, Ramsey suggests you first figure out exactly where your money is going. "Make a written budget that gives each dollar a name -- including late fees," he says. You will be able to see just how much money you've been paying in late fees every month and what you can cut if you can pay each bill on time.

Says Ulzheimer: "You have to pay on time and be smart about taking on liability. If not, you are going to have a serious compounding problem unless you bring in more income or spend less."


Don't Make the Same Mistake Twice

Chronic procrastinators pay a higher price in the long run.

"The Fed approved a cap for late fees on credit cards, but the rule lets issuers charge a higher late fee of up to $35 if customers make more than one late payment," says Frank. "Credit card issuers can also change your annual percentage rate, or APR, to whatever they want on new charges and balances in the future. If you go 60 days late, they can change your APR on your total balance and you'll simply have to accept the consequences."

In addition, multiple late payments may prompt electric companies and cooperatives to demand additional substantial deposits and fees, without which they can disconnect your service.


Know the Rules, Grace Periods and Due Dates

Due dates for all your monthly expenses are clearly printed on your bills and statements, but they can change. Under the Credit Card Act, a credit card company must send you a notice 45 days before they can change fees, rates or other terms, but other bill issuers and monthly expenses are not bound by those rules. While the Credit Card Act extended the grace period to 21 full days (from 14 days), the grace periods for other companies and service providers vary. Knowing this information for each of your creditors can save you late fees.

"The consumer who is going to win against late fees is one who notes due dates on a calendar and works toward setting a shadow date to pay recurring bills a month early in advance," says Ulzheimer.

If you're desperate, making a phone payment, paying in person or paying online (note any lead times for posting) by the end of the grace period can help because the consequences of convenience fees (typically up to $15) are much less than the consequences of the late payment and late fees (typically $25-$39 and up).


Don't Be Afraid to Ask

If something unusual happens to you one month, it's a good idea to approach your creditor.

"If you happen to get in a bind and make one late payment for a good reason, ask your lender to give you a goodwill adjustment of your late fee. Obviously that doesn't work if you are habitually late," says Ulzheimer.

You can also avoid late fees by calling up before the due date to request an extension for many regular expenses such as the phone, electric and insurance payments.

If you find payment timing to be the problem, call to request a different monthly due date that better matches the timing of your paycheck to avoid late fees, says Frank.


Take Proactive Rather Than Reactive Steps

According to the 2011 Financial Literacy Survey from the NFCC, one in four adults admit to not paying all of their bills on time. "If you're paying late fees regularly but not defaulting, you are able to pay but are choosing not to pay on time and incur the late fee. The larger problem is fiscal irresponsibility," says Ulzheimer.

"If you're living paycheck to paycheck and paying late fees, you're a ticking time bomb. If an emergency happens or you get laid off, you will be tempted by pawn shops, car title and payday loans that are an extremely expensive start on your way to total default on all of your obligations."

If you find yourself juggling too many payments or too much debt, consider credit counseling or getting into a nonprofit debt management program.

"Go through the government-regulated National Foundation for Credit Counseling and stick to the program of paying back your debts and your monthly expenses on time with lower interest rates and no late fees," says Ulzheimer. "It takes hard work, commitment and typically three to five years to complete, but you'll get out with excellent credit and no debt."


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What is a Credit Repair Company?

A good informative article by John Ulzheimer - President of Consumer Education of Credit.com

Switzerland; the land of great skiing, hush hush banking, Roger Federer, and international neutrality. It’s that neutrality I’m going to imitate while writing this article. Why?

The subject of credit repair is a powder keg, lightening rod, PR loser…chose your own metaphor.

Opinions on the subject seem to be polarized, meaning you either like credit repair companies or you hate credit repair companies.

First off, what is a credit repair company?

According to the Credit Repair Organizations Act (CROA), the Federal law that defines how credit repair companies must do business, a credit repair company is actually referred to as a credit repair organization (or CRO) - and a CRO is anyone who “sells, provides, or performs any service, in return for the payment of money or other valuable consideration, for the express or implied purpose of improving any consumer’s credit record, credit history, or credit rating.”

There are some exceptions to that rule.

If you’re non-profit and perform those duties then you’re not a CRO.

If you’re a bank or a credit union then you’re also not a CRO.

But if you are for profit, aren’t a bank, and sell services promising to help a consumer’s credit then you’re a CRO, whether you want to be one or not.

There are people who believe all credit repair is illegal.

That’s not true. “Credit repair is anything but illegal if you do it the right way,” says Edward Jamison, a lawyer and the founder of CreditCRM, a developer of credit repair business software.

And, the “right way” means you fully comply with the requirements of CROA and any state equivalent. How exactly do you comply with CROA? According to credit repair experts, CROA states that a CRO must do the following things, and others, in order to be in compliance:

1. Provide mandatory disclosures letting consumers know, among other things, that they can dispute credit information directly with the credit bureaus.

2. Avoid making any misleading or untrue statements about any consumer’s credit worthiness. You can’t say, “We guarantee we can remove your negative credit items.”

READ THE REST OF THE ARTICLE HERE:

http://www.mint.com/blog/trends/credit-repair-10042010/



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Why the Credit Bureaus Can't Get It Right - Part 2

How Problems Go Global

So suppose there’s a whopper of an error on your credit report - Suppose it says you’re dead.

That’s what Ken Clark, a financial planner in Little Rock, Ark., was told when he tried to buy his wife a minivan. The auto dealer called Clark a con man because his report was marked “deceased.”

When Clark called the credit bureaus to report that he was still breathing, he learned that the real authority on the matter was a Utah bank that issued him a credit card and later reported him dead. To fix the error, Clark had to send a notarized letter and a copy of his utility bill to the bank, which in turn assured the bureaus that he was alive.


Clark’s story sheds light on how the dispute process works.

Credit bureaus say they usually need to check with the lender because 30 percent of disputes are filed by shady credit-repair companies that challenge all the negative information on a consumer’s report, regardless of its validity. Bureaus also have to deal with consumers who pull stunts like concocting official-looking statements on phony letterhead; one bureau says it recently got a letter from “Banke [ed.-this “typo” is intentional, replicating the original] of America.”

To sort the good from the bad, the industry sends almost everything through the automated system e-OSCAR (Electronic Online Solution for Complete and Accurate Reporting), which forwards consumer disputes to lenders for verification.


Here’s where the trouble begins.

Rather than call the lender or send it the consumer’s letter and supporting evidence, the bureaus zap the documents to a data processing center run by a third-party contractor. This system yields considerable savings.

Equifax reduced its per-dispute cost from $4.50 to 50 cents by outsourcing the work to Costa Rica and the Philippines, for example. But consumer advocates say these workers are under enormous pressure to process disputes and forward them to lenders as quickly as possible. While the bureaus say quality is the overriding factor, employees deposed in civil suits describe a harried pace.

One TransUnion manager testified that workers were expected to complete up to 22 cases an hour. An Equifax worker estimated she was allotted four minutes per dispute. To process the letters so rapidly, the workers summarize every complaint with a two-digit code selected from a menu of 26 options.

The code “A3,” for example, stands for “belongs to another individual with a similar name.” The worker can also add a single line of commentary. The two-digit code and short comment is the only information the lender receives about the dispute.

Consumer advocates say these summaries omit the background banks need to understand a complaint, and banks agree. “We’ve met with [the credit bureaus] and said, ‘Look, we need more information,’” says Nessa Feddis, vice president and senior counsel for the American Bankers Association.

But the bureaus say their codes provide accountability and accuracy. “People talking to people? That’s the last thing consumers want,” says Experian’s Maxine Sweet.

She suggests that consumers with complex cases resolve their disputes directly with their lenders. But that can put consumers in a catch-22. Currently, banks have no obligation to investigate a dispute unless it’s forwarded by a credit bureau.

What’s more, consumer attorneys say some lenders do little more than check the disputed information against their own records—even if those records were the source of the error. “It’s a closed loop,” says Michigan lawyer Ian Lyngklip. And some lenders rely on software rather than people to do some of the checking.

Not every dispute sent to a credit bureau gets the e-OSCAR treatment.

Some complaints get extra attention. Experian says it sends disputes to its “special assistance service” department when consumers have “unusual problems” or an elected official requests consideration for a constituent;

Equifax says it handles disputes relating to public figures and court cases with “additional processing procedures.” TransUnion declined to provide details on its VIP service, but its employee manual instructs workers to use “priority processing” if a letter comes from a “judge, senator, congressman, government official, attorney, paralegal, professional athlete, actor, director, member of the media or a celebrity.”

If your case is assigned this status, it may be given to a dedicated rep who will make phone calls on your behalf. But there’s no guarantee of a successful resolution. “I have a lot of cases that go to special services, and they still mess it up,” says Robert Sola, a Portland, Ore., attorney.


Better Times Ahead?

The Consumer Data Industry Association, the trade group, reports that 72 percent of disputes result in an update or correction, suggesting that the e-OSCAR system fixes plenty of errors. However, when the system fails, the consumer has few options.

If he files a second dispute without providing new information, the bureau can dismiss it as “frivolous.” The FTC is supposed to enforce laws requiring the credit bureaus to conduct a “reasonable investigation” into consumer disputes, but it hasn’t taken any action on that front since the start of the decade. (The agency says its recent reviews of consumer complaints yielded no reliable conclusions about report accuracy or the dispute process.)

That leaves the courts. But consumers can’t sue a bureau over an error until they can prove the error is already creating problems. “It’s a system designed to make sure the horse is out of the barn,” says Santa Fe, N.M., attorney Richard Rubin.

And even a successful lawsuit won’t necessarily fix a mistake. Just ask Chino, Calif., marriage counselor Jeff Christensen. In 2003 the cable company Charter apologized to him for reporting a collections account in error and directed the credit bureaus to delete the information.

Experian refused, so Christensen took the bureau to court. In 2005 a judge ruled that Experian was violating the law and fined the company $2,500. Experian paid the fine, but it didn’t correct the error until December 2008—when SmartMoney called—saying it never got the right paperwork.

Turns out, the courts can issue fines, but they can’t demand corrections.

“You have no right to an accurate credit report,” says Lyngklip, the attorney. Consumer advocates estimate that bureaus pay just $25 million a year in court fines—a minor expense for the $7 billion industry.

The credit bureaus say they have no immediate plans to change the dispute process.

They note that turnaround time is at an all-time low, and consumers have embraced a new online dispute-filing feature. “The possibility of errors is at its lowest point ever and continues to decline,” says Equifax’s Klein.

Consumer advocates have their own ideas. They want Congress to amend the Fair Credit Reporting Act so that judges can demand corrections. They’d like the bureaus to establish an appeals process and require proof from lenders who rereport disputed information.

And everyone seems to have their hopes pinned on regulations expected this year that will require lenders to address complaints received directly from consumers. Says Pratt, the trade group president, “That may allow consumers a better route to resolve a stickier dispute.”


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Why the Credit Bureaus Can't Get It Right - Part 1

A fantastic article submitted by SmartMoney.com


A mistake on your credit report can cost you literally thousands of dollars, especially in this economy. So what can you expect from a big credit bureau if you ask them to investigate and correct the error?

The answer, for many consumers: About 50 cents worth of effort, conducted by offshore workers at third-party firms. That’s just one of the findings from SmartMoney’s investigation into why credit-report errors continue to pop up so frequently—and why consumers often have so much trouble getting them fixed.

To follow what one consumer advocate calls an “electronic hot potato,” SmartMoney pieced together a depiction of the dispute process through information from trial depositions, internal company memos and the bureaus’ own employee manuals—much of which the bureaus and their trade group subsequently confirmed. The process may be efficient, but it remains a mystery to most consumers, and a source of bitterness for some.


The Wrong Kind of Thrills

For Brandon and Amanda Mendelson, it had all the elements of a paperback thriller:

The innocent newlyweds, the mysterious account held by an obscure bank in Boca Raton, the faceless corporation controlling everything behind the scenes.

But when the Mendelsons discovered the strange overdue loan mistakenly listed on Amanda’s credit report, they weren’t exactly thrilled.

The Glens Falls, N.Y., couple had never done business with that bank, and the error spoiled Amanda’s credit history. Making matters worse, their call to a national credit bureau yielded nothing more than a form letter stating that the accuracy of the entry had been “investigated” and “verified.”

Now they can’t help but wonder: investigated how? Verified by whom? Brandon studied organizational leadership in school, but even he can’t imagine how the bureau failed to fix such an obvious mistake. “Maybe it fell through the cracks,” he says.


Or maybe the process worked pretty much as it was designed to.

Although they generally decline to discuss specific cases, the three major credit bureaus—Experian, Equifax and TransUnion—each attest to their commitment to accuracy and accountability in their record keeping.

But while consumers might assume that each bureau employs an army of dedicated sleuths who carefully investigate and correct errors, all the bureaus actually process most disputes using a system that’s almost entirely automated—and where human beings are involved, they’re often working at a harried pace.

The bureaus say the system, dubbed with the Muppety acronym e-OSCAR, is the most efficient way to handle the more than 20,000 disputes a day they receive.

In practice, most complaints are electronically zapped straight to the lender, and according to consumer advocates, many lenders respond by simply rereporting the erroneous data.

Credit-report accuracy is profoundly important now, because an error can wreak more havoc than ever on your financial life.

Before the nation heard the words credit crisis, just about anyone with a pulse could get a loan. Now many banks are refusing credit to anyone who looks remotely risky. And as legions of anxious job hunters know, a growing number of employers routinely check credit reports before they make a hire. It’s no wonder, then, that the National Foundation for Credit Counseling says call volume is up 31 percent in the past 12 months.


“Credit is on consumers’ minds more than ever before,” says Curtis Arnold, CEO of CardRatings.com.

But according to a 2007 survey by pollster Zogby, 37 percent of consumers who obtain their credit reports find errors, and half of those said they could not easily correct the mistakes.

An earlier study by the U.S. Public Interest Research Group, a nonprofit consumer advocacy organization, found that one in four reports contained “serious errors.” For its part, the Consumer Data Industry Association, the industry’s trade group, says only 11 percent of consumers who get their credit report file a dispute and just 5 percent of those challenge the results.

“That’s an excellent satisfaction rate,” says the group’s president, Stuart Pratt. Still, even some industry insiders say there’s a problem. Testifying before Congress, one CEO of an independent Arizona credit bureau likened the dispute process to “having an IRS audit, brain surgery, getting a tooth pulled or going to your own funeral.”

And when the dispute process fails, consumers say they are left feeling powerless. Martha Soto, a 63-year-old Antioch, Calif., shipping manager, says she couldn’t get the mortgage she needed last fall because Experian listed her as the defendant in an unpaid court judgment.

She says she’s faxed records proving that she’s actually the plaintiff; Experian says they’re the wrong records, and the dispute is still unresolved, leaving Soto increasingly frustrated. “They’re defaming you, and you can’t do anything about it,” says Soto. “It’s scary to think an agency like that can control your life.”


Big Business, Little Service

Until the late 1980s, consumer credit records were scattered among thousands of low-profile local bureaus.

The industry gradually underwent a consolidation frenzy that left three companies controlling the data of 210 million Americans. The smallest, Chicago-based TransUnion, is owned by the Pritzker family of the Hyatt hotel fortune and boasts credit-reporting operations in 25 countries, including Nicaragua and Botswana.

Publicly traded Equifax, founded in 1898 by a Tennessee grocer who sold his customers’ payment records to fellow shopkeepers, calls itself a “global leader in information solutions” with businesses as diverse as risk detection and database management. (According to its income statements, its consumer data unit remains its most profitable, boasting a 40 percent pretax profit margin.)

Experian, the largest of the three and based in Ireland, is a $4 billion company that uses consumer data to help businesses send more than 20 billion pieces of junk mail every year.


Together, the three credit bureaus have amassed a spotty record on consumer care.

In 2000 they jointly paid a $2.5 million Federal Trade Commission fine for blocking millions of phone calls from consumers. Three years later Equifax paid a second fine because it still hadn’t hired enough people to answer the phone. In 2005, after new federal laws forced the bureaus to give away credit reports, Experian was hit with a $950,000 FTC fine for marketing those reports through a Web site that automatically charged consumers for an $80 credit-monitoring service. Last year TransUnion agreed to pay $75 million to settle a class-action lawsuit over sales of consumer data for marketing purposes.

The bureaus, which never admitted wrongdoing in these cases, say they realize the importance of providing reliable information to lenders and consumers alike. “If we don’t, we cannot survive, either as a company or as an economy,” says Equifax spokesperson Tim Klein.

But they also admit that credit-report errors can stem from glitches in their own systems. Some mistakes occur thanks to the algorithms used to match loans to individual credit reports. If the name or Social Security number on another person’s account partially matches the data on your file, the computer might attach it to your record.

The credit bureaus also employ contractors who gather tax lien and bankruptcy data from courthouses and government offices.

If these workers transpose a digit or misread a document, their error winds up on your report. But even if they never made mistakes of their own, the bureaus say they can’t possibly patrol the accuracy of the 3.5 billion pieces of account information they receive every month from lenders. “We’re the library,” says Maxine Sweet, Experian’s director of public education. “We don’t write the book.”

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New Credit Card Regulations Help Homebuyers Easier to Pay Down Debt and Qualify for Better Mortgage Rates

by Christina Crouch


When Brandon Hill, a 28-year-old marketing specialist based in Salt Lake City, went to buy a house, he got an unfortunate surprise. "I was under the requirement for an FHA loan at the time by about 15 or 20 points," Hill says. "We tried to get the mortgage under my wife's name, but the lender backed out. We needed to get my credit score fixed to buy a house."


Laden with $10,000 in credit card debt between Hill and his wife, Brandon doubled his credit card payments, but still had to enroll with a credit repair service in order to raise his score the 20 points necessary to land a loan. "It was a really long and rough process," says Hill. "[Before credit repair], we felt like our payments weren't going anywhere."


Future homebuyers may not have to go through the Hill's hassle. As of February 22, new provisions from the Credit Card Accountability, Responsibility, and Disclosure Act will go into effect, helping indebted consumers looking to land a mortgage pay off their debt and raise their credit score faster. Here's now the new laws will affect homebuyers.


Those looking to unload some debt before applying for a mortgage are about to get a much-needed helping hand, says Catherine Williams, vice president of financial literacy for Money Management International financial counseling firm in Houston.


"Credit cards that offer an introductory promotional rate have to make that rate last at least six months," explains Williams. "If someone is applying for a mortgage and needs to pay down debt, they'll be able to get a low- or no-interest card and spend the next six months paying off their balance. That could be substantial."


In addition to offering lengthier teaser rates on new cards, Williams adds that the Credit Card Act will also optimize payments for consumers with old balances. When consumers hold cards with multiple interest rates - for example, a five percent rate on the first $3,000 of debt, and 20 percent on anything higher - their monthly payments currently pay off the cheapest debt first, leaving the pricier debt to accrue. Under the new law, payments will eliminate the more expensive debt first, leaving consumers with lower balances, higher credit scores, and a better likelihood of landing sweet mortgage rates.


"It's just going to help everybody get rid of their debt faster," says Williams. "That's going to make their credit score go up."


"The major thing this act will do for mortgagees is help them be more aware of what their debt utilization ratio is and better understand how to lower it," says Curtis Arnold, CEO of the credit card information web site, Cardratings.com. "Now credit card companies are going to have to warn you about what happens if you keep making that minimum payment, and how long it's going to take you to pay off that card."


Arnold adds that to raise their credit score and qualify for the best mortgage rates, consumers need keep their debt to 10 percent or less of their credit limit.


While the new credit laws won't actually pay down your debt for you, they will help consumers keep track of how much they owe by forcing card companies to print the total amount of debt, how long it will take to pay the debt making only minimum payments and how high the payments will be if the consumers wants to pay off the debt with interest within three years on every credit card statement and to give card holders a full three weeks (21) to make their payments.


"As of late February, the only way they can increase your rates is if you're 60 days late on your payment," says Arnold. "That's going to help mortgage seekers financially plan a lot better."


While the card act may help those carrying credit balances destroy debt faster, it's going to block other consumers from getting credit at all, says David Jones, president of the Association of Independent Consumer Credit Counseling Agencies in Fairfax, Virginia. For those planning to purchase a home in the future, this could have severe ramifications.


"People younger than 21 are going to have a lot of trouble establishing credit early on in their careers because they won't be able to get a credit card without a cosigner," Jones explains. "Because card companies won't be able to tack on new fees or target risky consumers, they might offset those costs by lowering credit limits or raising interest rates. That's going to create a tough situation for consumers who may be trying to get a mortgage."


The good news, Jones adds, is that those looking to clean up their credit before applying for a mortgage will be able to plan their finances much better. According to the new law, if a credit issuer does change your interest rate or card terms, cardholders will be given the right to opt out. Those who do opt out of a rate increase will lose the ability to use that card in the future, but will be given 45 days to find a new card, pay off their balance, and cancel their account. Changes in rates and fees will also only affect new balances, so future homeowners needn't worry about their old debts doubling or tripling days before submitting their mortgage application.


"The ability to say 'no' to new charges is going to give consumers who are looking for the best mortgage rates more control over their debt and their credit score," says Arnold. "It's going to help level the playing field. That 'Wild West' mentality that's been out in the credit card world until now is going away. There's a new sheriff in town."



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How The New Credit Score Will Affect You

Lenders now have a second formula for judging your past, backed by the three giant credit bureaus.

Your VantageScore could look very different from your FICO score.

By Liz Pulliam Weston


The three credit bureaus are touting their new credit-scoring system as a boon for borrowers, easier to understand and more "consistent" than other scoring methods.

Maybe. But VantageScore, which uses the same underlying data about your debts as the FICO score you already know, also poses some serious risks.

Let's be clear: This isn't about making credit easier for the little guy. This is business.

Big business.


Equifax, Experian and TransUnion are private companies that each track your accounts, balances and payment habits.

A credit "score" simply assigns a weight to those factors to produce an indicator of how much risk you show as a borrower.

Fair Isaac's formula (FICO) for scoring is the one lenders like best.

Fico Scores/Reports

Every time an appliance store or car dealership asks one of the credit bureaus for your credit score, the data the bureau has collected about you is sent through the proprietary FICO model.

The lender pays the credit bureau for the score, and the bureau pays FICO for using its formula.

This is quite a lucrative business for Fair Isaac. Credit scoring accounts for 20% of the company's revenues, according to Merrill Lynch analyst Edward Maguire, but 65% of its operating profits.

The bureaus, naturally, want to cut out the middleman.

"They don't like having to pay Fair Isaac for anything,"

said mortgage broker Ginny Ferguson, who teaches credit scoring to her colleagues in the National Association of Mortgage Brokers. "The (credit bureaus) are intent on finding the next area of revenue generation."

The bureaus have tried to break Fair Isaac's stranglehold before, with no success. The VantageScore may be a different story.

Investors certainly think so; they drove Fair Isaac's stock down 6.6% on the day the new scoring system was announced, even though the bureaus hadn't signed up a single lender.

Analyst Maguire rightly called VantageScore "a shot across the bow" of the bureaus and opined that even if the new system didn't replace FICOs, the bureaus could use it as leverage to get Fair Isaac to lower its prices.

We wouldn't have to care about these elephants' battles, except that consumers may be the grass trampled under their feet.


Here are just some of the concerns:


1. Credit score confusion

FICO and VantageScore use two different ranges. The classic FICO scale runs from 300 to 850, while the VantageScore starts at 501 and runs to 990.

The bureaus say the VantageScore range is more "intuitive," because it breaks down like an elementary-school report card:

901-990 equals "A" credit

801-900 equals "B" credit

701-800 equals "C" credit

601-700 equals "D" credit

501-600 equals "F" credit


There will probably be a lot of puzzled borrowers trying to figure out why a number that would qualify them for the best rates and terms under one system - say, a 780 credit score - makes them credit mediocrities under the other system.


2. Consistency

The information in the credit-bureau databases can be wildly different.

You may have accounts reported at one bureau that don't show up at the other two, or you may have successfully disputed an error at two of the bureaus only to have the third refuse to erase the bogus entry.

One of FICO's big selling points for lenders has been the model's consistency.

Even though the bureaus collect and report credit information differently, the same basic FICO model is used at all three to generate comparable scores.


We shouldn't fall for the idea that the new system is superior without more evidence -- so far, VantageScore hasn't been tested head-to-head with FICO.


3. The good, the bad and the ugly -- but mostly the bad

VantageScore is being marketed to lenders as being a better way to separate "good" from "bad" risks including, to quote its Web site, "the ability to classify more bad accounts into the worst-scoring ranges."

Lenders, you see, are often less worried about losing out on good customers than they are about getting stuck with bad ones.

So if a few potentially good risks get wrongly qualified as bad, lenders aren't that worried as long as they avoid the deadbeats.


*** If you happen to be one of those good eggs who's paying higher interest rates or having trouble getting loans, though, you should worry.


Again, the bureaus are quick to say that they haven't tested VantageScore against FICO, so it's unclear whether the upstart actually does sweep more folks into the worst-scoring range.


But the fact that it's one of the bureaus' goals should help you understand the point: this is not about making consumers happier.


4. "Thin" and "Young" credit profiles

One of lenders' beefs about the classic FICO model is that people whose credit histories are "thin" (they have few accounts) or "young" (their oldest account has been established for only a few months or years) can still get pretty high scores.

The lenders grump that these borrowers may pose a greater risk than the scores predict, and that people should have more robust credit files before they reach the top of the FICO pyramid.

Once again, without comparing VantageScore directly to FICO, the bureaus are touting it as a better way to grade people with limited credit histories.

If that means the young or others without "robust" histories get better access to credit to buy homes and build businesses, this could be a good thing. If it means making credit harder to get for those folks, not so much.


5. High switching costs

To say that FICO scores are entrenched in the financial world would be understating the case.

"FICO scores are used by 80% of the 50 largest banks. They're used in 75% of the mortgage loan origination decisions," said Ron Totaro, Fair Isaac's general manager for global scoring solutions. "We're a force because we've been at this for 50 years."

It's not just the lenders that rely on FICO. Most loans today are bundled up and sold to investors, who use the scores to gauge how much risk they're taking with these investments.

Wall Street is comfortable that FICO-scored loans will behave as forecast, Ferguson said, but could be more nervous about the "predictiveness" of a new scoring system.

If lenders begin adopting VantageScores, they might tighten up their underwriting guidelines -- in other words, make credit harder for consumers to get -- while they see how well the loans actually perform.


*** Consumers can stand to reap some benefits from the new score.


For one thing, competition has a way of bringing prices down and forcing companies to improve their products.

But more importantly, the bureaus promise to provide clear guidance about what goes into the scores and how consumers can better their numbers.

How specific that guidance will be remains to be seen, but Kerry Williams, group president of Experian's Credit Services, said that he wants consumers to know exactly how certain actions can affect their scores.

Currently, Fair Isaac offers a FICO "simulator" through the my FICO.com website that can show you how a handful of actions might affect your score.


At the moment we can't buy our own VantageScores, but Experian promises to make them available to consumers in the next few weeks, and the other bureaus say they'll follow suit by the end of the year.

Then we'll have some more information to gauge whether VantageScores really are a better mousetrap -- or just more of the same.



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The Truth About Free Credit Scores

Though the credit bureaus must give you free annual reports, their important numbers will cost you. Now 3 sites offer free peeks at those scores, but how helpful are they?


If you're curious about your credit scores, you might have tried one of the plethora of Web sites and services that offer some free credit information, then lure you into paying for your scores, usually as part of a credit-monitoring package.
Weird stuff that hurts your credit


Consumers are entitled by law to free credit reports-- which are simply records of your borrowing and repayment history -- but the numerical scores derived from those reports will cost you, in part because credit-reporting agencies aren't required by law to provide them for free to consumers along with the reports.


Now a handful of company Web sites give consumers at least free glimpses at their credit scores. The sites -- Credit.com, Credit Karma and Quizzle -- offer a window into the key factors that go into calculating your scores, what you can do to improve them and how your credit stacks up against other people's. Last week, for example, Credit.com launched free credit report cards that show consumers how they're likely to rate across five credit-scoring models.


All three sites, which have ties to the credit industry, aim to make money through advertising or through fees if users sign up for products offered on the site, such as credit-monitoring services, credit cards or mortgages.

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Bar to Lawyer - You Have Too Many Student Loans To Practice Law

by: Zac Bissonnette



The New York Times reports on the sad tale of Robert Bowman, a law school graduate whose application for admission to the New York bar was rejected -- because he had too much student loan debt and had a history of missed payments.

He was recommended for approval by the applications review committee but that decision was reversed by a panel of five state appellate judges: "Applicant has not made any substantial payments on the loans," the judges wrote. "Applicant has not presently established the character and general fitness requisite for an attorney and counselor-at-law."

With more than $400,000 in student loans and accumulated interest, the judges apparently felt he had not demonstrated the judgment worthy of practicing law in New York.

While there is a good amount of not entirely unfair righteous indignation over the outcome of this case so far, Mr. Bowman's bizarre borrowing record does raise an eyebrow and, to be honest, you do have to question his judgment. Mr. Bowman had not made a single payment on his student loans in the 26 years since he began taking them out.

The irony of course is that without the ability to practice law, Bowman will have virtually no prayer of getting his financial life in order.

But here's the good news for Sallie Mae: Student loans can't be discharged in bankruptcy, and Social Security benefits can be garnished to make payments on loans that are in default. And the more penalties he racks up, the more money, ultimately, they'll collect.

Mr. Bowman's life may be ruined in every meaningful way, but the party has just begun for the lenders.

CRA - this is such a shame, but an unfortunate reality in the world that we live in. Mr Bowman might need to call Lexington Law Firm
to repair his credit - if not apply for a job.





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How long does credit repair take?

by Lita Epstein

We've been getting a lot of desperate comments from people who are seeing their credit destroyed as their personal financial lives take a nose dive. Many are losing jobs and others are facing severe medical problems. Some made big bets with investment property in real estate and now face numerous foreclosures. All are probably facing major drops in their credit scores and not able to get new credit in the tight market today.

Without using a professional credit repair company, how long does it take to fix your score, if your score is down dramatically after a credit disaster? The good news is that your most recent history is what impacts your score the greatest, so as these bad debt reports age you will find your score gradually getting better as long as you pay on time starting from today.

I have seen people with bankruptcies get back up to the high 600s within three years. What does that mean in today's credit market? They would probably be able to get credit, but they will likely not get the best credit offers. In order to get the best interest rates you need a score of 760. The next best rates go to people with scores of 700 to 759. People between 650 and 699 can still get credit but they will pay significantly more for it in higher interest rates. Under 650 you probably will find it very difficult, if not impossible, to get credit.

How long will it take to get a clean credit record? Most of the negatives on your credit report will drop off after seven years, but you don't have to wait that long to see an improvement in your score. If you have a clean record of payments on time for three years and you don't apply for more than one or two new cards at that time your score should go above 650. If you want to get that score above 700, you'll need to get your debt levels closer to 10 to 20 percent. Even if you're good, you probably won't reach 700 for at least four years.

Contact CRA if you would like some advice or help with your situation.

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How to Make (or Break) Your Credit Score

Wise or Foolish?
By Janene Mascarella



If life is simply the sum of your choices, you could say the same about your credit score: everything you do (and more specifically, buy) drives that three-digit number. It's probably obvious to you that smart decisions can send your score soaring and save you money, while bad decisions can drag your score down and leave you digging deep into an empty wallet. So why is it so easy for people to get trapped?

Your credit score is your financial snapshot -- your portrait as a borrower -- but your score isn't set in stone. That's both good and bad, because the choices you make today can shift the number in either direction for the years ahead.


My Not-So-Smooth Move: Closing Two Credit-Card Accounts

Credit Score Direction: Slightly down

When Ralph Garcia, owner of a vacuum-and-sewing store in Redwood City, California, started falling behind on bills and getting slapped with late payments, he was determined to take control. He thought it would be smart to cancel two cards with balances and pay them off over time. But the results weren't positive. "That move lowered my score, because my available credit line went down, and the percentage of debt went up," says Garcia, who has been self-employed for 31 years.

Last year, Garcia's credit score was about 750 ("outstanding"); now it now sits at 691 ("good"). "What I did wasn't a rocket-scientist move, for sure," he says. "I just figured, if I didn't have the cards, I wouldn't use them. I'm just trying to make the payments and get the bills down."


A Credit Lesson Learned

Closed and unused accounts can hurt your score if you're paying off debt, says Ethan Ewing, president of money-management site Bills.com. Ewing suggests rotating the use of one credit card at a time (and paying it off monthly), or setting cards aside, so you're not tempted to use them, but keeping the accounts open. "And if a creditor closes your account, they must notify you 30 days in advance," says Ewing. "Call to ask that they reverse the decision."

To keep cards active, charge a monthly bill, such as your telephone, to a card, and set up an automatic payment or a personal reminder so you don't miss a payment. And never cancel a credit card with a long history, Ewing advises. "The longer you hold a card, the more valuable it is in your credit-score determination."


My Smooth Move: Getting Serious About Timely Payments

Credit Score Direction: Up -- and staying up

Danny Kofke says he and his wife, Tracy, have not done anything drastic to raise their credit scores: they just pay all of their bills on time. As simple as that strategy seems, it came from a conscious decision to secure their financial future. "My credit score is 795 and Tracy's is 813" out of 850, says Kofke, a 33-year-old special-education teacher from Hoschton, Georgia. "Making the conscious decision to pay all of our bills on time has definitely helped us."

Kofke wrote the book on good credit -- literally. The author of a 2007 book called How to Survive (and Perhaps Thrive) On a Teacher's Salary, Kofke says his elevated score is more than an ego boost. "We just refinanced our mortgage, and we qualified for a low interest rate because of our credit scores," he says. Their choices even give them the security to let Tracy be a stay-at-home mom.


Reaping the Rewards of Prompt Payments

"Generally, I think timely payments are the most controllable factor for families today," says Dan Danford, C.E.O. of the Family Investment Center, a commission-free investment-management firm in St. Joseph, Missouri. "There's nothing wrong with borrowing. But your score will get dinged if you borrow too much or foul up the agreed payment schedule."

It's never too late to make a smart move like Kofke did, even if your score isn't sitting pretty. Paying bills on time for as little as one month can raise even a modest credit score by 20 points, Bills.com's Ewing says.


My Not-So-Smooth Move: Ignoring My Debt

Credit Score Direction: Down ... way down

Russ Marshalek makes no bones about it: he killed his credit score by filing for bankruptcy, a desperate move often deemed "credit doomsday." Already in credit-score trouble from financing college plus living expenses, the 26-year-old book publicist from Queens, New York, found himself struggling to keep up with the bills piling up.

For a while, Marshalek ignored the consequences of his debt -- late payment penalties, and intimidating collection phone calls -- and hoped it would all just go away. It didn't, and his delinquencies took a massive toll on his credit score. "When I filed for bankruptcy, my credit score was in the mid-300s -- which is basically about as low as it can go," he jokes, "before creditors begin taking parts of your body and various organs as payment."


Wiping the Slate Clean?

Marshalek knew he was in serious trouble. He faced two wage garnishments at his old job, defaulted on his student-loan payment, and got bullied by a collection agent into a payment he couldn't afford. "I didn't really know how to extricate myself from this tidal wave," he says. A consumer credit-counseling service advised him that bankruptcy was his only option.

A bankruptcy stains your credit report for seven years, says Kelli Grant, a consumer reporter at SmartMoney. But that's not a death sentence. Marshalek's credit score has already hit bottom, Grant says; it can only go up from here. "If you can prove you've been doing good things since filing," Grant says, "creditors are apt to look at your recent positive history."

Marshalek calls his experience harrowing and painful but worthwhile. After filing for bankruptcy last year, he's now paying his bills on time. "Though I'm aware it will take time, now actually achieving and maintaining a high credit score is possible for me."


My Smooth Move: Diversifying My Credit

Credit Score Direction: Up, then a dip

Six months ago, Dawn Allcot's free credit-score monitoring service offered tips on raising her score. She learned that she lacked "diverse" credit, like store cards and personal loans. Her credit score was good (over 620), but she wanted it higher.

"Kohl's is one of my favorite stores, so I opened a card," says Allcot, 35, a freelance writer from West Islip, New York. "I use it to take advantage of sales that require a charge card and pay it off immediately -- sometimes right in the store."

The move raised her score about 50 points. "The perks offered with the cards save me money," she says. "So far -- it's been six months -- I haven't had a problem. I never charge more than I can pay off."


Minor Ups and Downs

To raise your credit score, it's important to have a healthy mix of loans and credit cards, says SmartMoney's Grant. The one move to be cautious about is opening a lot of accounts in a short period of time: issuers tend to see a move like that as a bigger risk. In fact, that very strategy made Allcot's credit score dip. But she should see her score bounce up again quickly, Grant says, once she's established a good credit history with these new accounts.

Generally, if you use money wisely and pay off debts according to an agreed-upon schedule, as Allcot does, then your rating will be good. "It's tough for most families to make a go on cash alone, and lenders understand that. They just want some assurance that you've borrowed and paid back in the past," says Danford. "A few blemishes aren't the end of the world."

Excellent advice!

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