How Student Loan Debt Factors into Your FICO® Score

By Tom Quinn

This year’s summer break may be a bit more stressful if you are a college student who plans on taking out subsidized federal student loans to help pay for upcoming tuition.  Unless Congress takes action this summer to restore lower rates, new student loans will have interest rates twice what they were in the spring semester (3.4 percent to 6.8 percent).  You don’t need to be a math major to know this is not good news.

This difference in interest rates will increase the total amount of money you end up investing in your education.  And it will likely impact a lot of US consumers.

With education costs rapidly outpacing inflation, more students and their parents are taking out student loans to pay for education. Based on recent FICO research looking at a large data sample from one of the credit bureaus, we found that 6.2% of US consumers had two or more open student loans on their credit report in 2005. By 2012, that number grew to roughly 11.8%.

Consumers also have a greater amount of student loan debt today. In 2005, consumers with an open student loan on file had an average student loan debt of $17,233. In 2012, that number increased 54% to $26,530. This has outpaced growth for other types of debt, as the chart below shows.

So what does all this mean for your FICO Score? 

While this increase in interest rate has no direct effect on a FICO® Score (as interest rate information is not captured on the credit report and not considered by the score), it is important to understand that how you manage your student loan debt does have an effect on the score.

Let me set the record straight on exactly how student loan credit is factored into the FICO® Score:

• A student loan receives no special treatment by the FICO® Score; it is treated like any other installment loan. The score doesn’t employ any variables that specifically evaluate student loan data.
• It makes no difference to the score if the student loan is backed by the government or a private loan from a lender.
• A student loan that is reported in deferred status does not receive any “special treatment” by the score.  These loans are considered by the algorithm and can have a positive, negative, or no impact on the score, depending on what other credit information is present.
• Inquires identified as student loan related searches for credit are included in the FICO® Score’s special inquiry treatment logic.

It’s important to understand that while student loan debt can factor into the FICO® Score, revolving debt (like credit cards) has a larger influence. That’s because we’ve found that revolving type indebtedness has a stronger statistical correlation with future borrower performance than installment loan indebtedness.

While you have limited control over what happens “inside the Capital Beltway”, you do have control over how you manage your finances, and improve your knowledge of what drives your FICO® Score, which can influence your access to affordable credit options.  That’s a lesson we can all benefit from understanding!

Good luck to all students getting ready for the fall semester.

Tom Quinn is the Vice President of Business Development for myFICO, and has over 20 years of experience working with consumers, regulators and lenders and regarding credit related questions and initiatives.


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The Credit Score That You See is NOT the Same as Lenders See

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The Credit Score That You See - NOT The Same As Lenders See

The credit score you receive may be much higher or lower than the one a lender uses when deciding whether to give you a mortgage, credit card or auto loan, a new government report finds.

One out of five consumers is likely to receive a score that is "meaningfully" different from the score used by a lender to make a credit decision, according to study from the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau that analyzed 200,000 credit files from the three major credit bureaus, TransUnion, Equifax and Experian.

As a result, many of these consumers receive either better or worse terms on mortgages, credit cards, auto loans and other credit products.

"This study highlights the complexities consumers face in the credit scoring market," said CFPB Director Richard Cordray in a statement. "When consumers buy a credit score, they should be aware that a lender may be using a very different score in making a credit decision."

The credit score a lender sees often depends on the type of loan or credit product they are considering. Lenders that use FICO scores the most commonly used score, could be looking at one of 49 different scores to determine how risky you are -- including a FICO auto score, a FICO bankcard score and a FICO mortgage score.

YOU HAVE  49 FICO SCORES 

While you receive only one type of FICO score, lenders can choose from a variety of scores based on the kind of loan you're applying for. So if you want an auto loan, the lender can look up your FICO auto score. Apply for a credit card and there's a specific FICO bankcard score lenders can use.

There's also a FICO mortgage score, an installment loan score and a personal finance score that specifically focuses on your history of using financing companies -- for example, if you've signed up for store-branded credit cards. Then there's the generic FICO score, which is the most widely used score and is calculated based on your history with all forms of credit.

Even though newer versions of FICO's scoring software are being used, many credit reporting agencies continue to make older versions of the software available to lenders -- adding to the overall number of FICO scores for each consumer.

"The lender is going to choose the [scoring] model they think is most appropriate for what the consumer is applying for," said John Ulzheimer. "FICO is trying to further differentiate the risk of doing business with a consumer generically versus for a specific product. For example, I care how you pay your auto loans for any decision, but I really care about how you paid your auto loan if you're applying for an auto loan."

These scores are for lenders' eyes only, said Ulzheimer. When you request your FICO score, you receive the generic version. And the score you get may be about 15 or 20 points higher or lower than the score the lender is using to screen you, said Ulzheimer.


The discrepancy between the scores lenders and consumers receive was the subject of a report issued last year by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau that showed that scores may differ for a variety of reasons, including the use of different scoring models by credit reporting agencies and that lenders and consumers don't always get scores from the same reporting agency.

To more closely compare the scores lenders and consumers receive, the CFPB said it would obtain data about credit scoring from FICO and from each of the three credit bureaus.

Rod Griffin, director of public education at Experian, said Experian provides different FICO scores to lenders depending on the kind of risk they are trying to assess. And he said consumers don't need to see every single score, because they are all based on the same information contained in a credit report -- some scores just weigh certain types of lending information differently.

So just because a consumer is seeing a different score doesn't mean that a lender is looking at different information. 

"There's a tremendous focus on these numbers, but what's really important is the credit report -- your credit report is what's used to calculate all of those scores, and you control what's on your credit report," said Griffin.


And though consumers are being kept in the dark about many of the scores lenders are using to evaluate them, in most cases that 15- to 20-point difference in the score is not going to hold much sway when it comes to being approved or denied for credit, said Ulzheimer.

"If someone is a high risk, they're going to be a high risk for any product, and if you have a great [generic] score, you're going to have a great score for any product," he said.

Aside from FICO scores, which are the most commonly-used scores, there are a plethora of other credit scores out there -- like proprietary scores developed by the credit bureaus and scores you can get from private companies like Quizzle.com, CreditSesame.com or CreditKarma.com.

"The grand total number of credit scores is truly countless -- so while 49 FICO scores seems like a large number, it's really a drop in the bucket," said Ulzheimer. "The good news is that proper credit management transcends all credit risk scores. If you do the right things, you'll have a good score across the board.

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Can Bad Credit Ruin Your Job Search?

Have you ever applied for a job and wondered if your bad credit would affect the outcome? Pre-employment credit checks aren't that uncommon these days. 

According to a survey released by the Society for Human Resource Management in 2010, 13 percent of the companies surveyed check the credit reports of all candidates and 47 percent check some candidates.


Should you be worried if you have a poor credit history?

Employment-related credit checks are legal in most states, but there are limits to what employers can see and how they can use your credit information. Here's what you need to know about credit reports and your job search.


Contrary to popular belief, employers can only see your credit report not your credit score. Credit reporting agencies do not provide your credit score to employers as part of the pre-employment screening process. "Credit scores are sold along with credit reports, but they are not the same thing," says John Ulzheimer, the president of consumer education at SmartCredit.com. 

Your credit report offers an overview of how much debt you have and whether you pay it on time, while your score is a number that represents your credit risk, usually between 300 and 850, based on this information. Under the Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act, all Americans are entitled to a free credit report, but not a free credit score, from each of the three major credit reporting agencies once every 12 months.


According to Mike Aitken, director of government affairs for SHRM, employers look at long-term trends, not whether you missed a loan payment or forgot to pay your Visa bill a few times. "They're looking to see if the person can handle their personal finances," he says. "In particular, they care about when things go into default or judgment." As Ulzheimer says, things get messy when collectors start calling the office or trying to garnish wages, so employers want to avoid those situations.


Before an employer can view your credit report, they need your permission in writing. That's a requirement under the Fair Credit Reporting Act. Once you grant permission, Ulzheimer says employers generally buy that information, along with a criminal background check and other information, from third-party screening companies. Aitken say it can cost employers upward of $200 to run background checks on each applicant, so they'll usually wait until they're almost ready to make a job offer. And unlike other credit inquiries, employment inquiries do not impact your credit score.


You could deny a prospective employer permission to view your credit report, but the company might not hire you without this information. Under the Fair Credit Reporting Act, before the employer makes an adverse decision based on your credit report, such as denying your job application, the employer must tell you and provide a copy of the credit report. They are not required to give you the opportunity to explain your bad credit, but SHRM's study found that 65 percent of employers say they give candidates the opportunity to explain the contents of their credit report before making a hiring decision. If you have serious credit issues, Gail Cunningham, vice president of public relations for the National Foundation for Credit Counseling in Washington, D.C., suggests being upfront about it. "I would be truthful and say succinctly what happened that caused your financial hiccup and how you intend to pull out of it," she says, adding that consumers can contact credit bureaus and electronically submit a 100-word explanation to accompany their credit reports.


Some states have or are getting stricter on pre-employment credit checks. An Illinois law took effect in January that outlaws employment-related credit checks except in a few very specific instances. Hawaii, Oregon and Washington already have laws limiting this practice. And 25 states have bills pending in the 2011 legislative session, according to the National Conference of State Legislatures. "In these economic times, with millions of people having a foreclosure or bankruptcy on their record, employers are going to have to rethink the relevance of a credit report with respect to a job applicant," says Cunningham.


Aikten knows of a few cases where a company chose not to make a job offer based on the findings of a credit check. In one case, a company discovered that a prospective CFO had tens of thousands dollars in gambling debt, so they felt a fiduciary responsibility to find someone else. But he stresses that credit reports are rarely the deciding factor. "Just because somebody has a bad credit report doesn't mean they'll embezzle or steal," says Aitken, "but it is a factor along with work experience, certification requirements and character references. It's one piece of the pie."


If you think you're home free once you land a job, think again.

"Ask anybody in the military who's lost their clearance," says Ulzheimer. "It's not terribly common, but you can lose your security clearance if you start to have collections issues." According to the 2010 SHRM survey, almost 20 percent of employers conduct ongoing credit and/or criminal background checks post-hire on employees working certain jobs, such as those with access to confidential information, and 5 percent do them for all employees. Some firms perform credit checks before granting a promotion or a change in status and some do so annually.

All the more reason to continually monitor your credit report and work to clear up any issues, as corrections won't happen overnight. Just as you shouldn't wait until you're applying for a car loan or a mortgage to think about your credit report, you shouldn't wait until you're asked to share your credit report with potential employers.

"People say 'I don't care what my credit report looks like, because I'm not applying for a loan,' but what if you lose your job tomorrow?" asks Ulzheimer. "You always have to be worried (about) what's on your credit report."


John Ulzheimer is the President of Consumer Education at SmartCredit.com, the credit blogger for Mint.com, and a contributor for the National Foundation for Credit Counseling. He is an expert on credit reporting, credit scoring and identity theft. Formerly of FICO, Equifax and Credit.com, John is the only recognized credit expert who actually comes from the credit industry. The opinions expressed in his articles are his and not of Mint.com or Intuit. Follow John on Twitter.

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Can Your "Employment Credit Score" Hurt Your Chances At Getting A Job?

By Robert Linkonis Sr.

I’ve often defined and called out the "Myth of Credit score and Employment" as the Unicorn of the credit world—a lot of people have heard of this, but nobody has actually ever seen a case where a credit score caused an applicant to be denied employment on this factor alone ...

In trying to dispel this idea altogether, I have noted many cases - all exposed in this blog - but Suze Orman's recent campaign to promote her new Prepaid Debit Card – in which she eludes to the fact that not having a FICO score could cost consumers a job...  Whaaaaaaaaaa ???

Suzi and I have never been friends, but -- what is she telling her prospective customers?

Here's the truth: Credit scores are never sold by credit reporting agencies for employment screening purposes.

Here's how you can be sure: The only three agencies authorized to distribute credit reports are  – Equifax, Experian and Transunion. Because you can't get a credit score without first getting a report from those agencies, employers would have to go through those companies if they wanted your credit score.

And all three agencies all said the same thing. *** They do not sell credit scores to employers for screening purposes.

If affirmation from the national credit reporting agencies are not enough to convince you that credit scores ARE NOT used by employers,  the Consumer Data Industry Association, the trade association of the credit reporting agencies, confirmed the same thing: There is NO credit score provided in a credit report pulled for  employment screening.

Experian says that: "The employment credit report includes much of the information about your loans and credit cards that is listed in your credit report". BUT NOT YOUR CREDIT SCORE!!!

To pull your credit report and score, one must be a  - "financial institution" and have a -  "permissible purpose" to purchase a consumer credit report.   AN EMPLOYER IS NOT A FINANCIAL INSTITUTION WITH PERMISSIBLE PURPOSE to pull a consumer credit report that includes your credit score.  

Bottom line - a potential employer CAN pull your credit report and see all of your credit history - both positive and negative. They can use this information to make a decision on whether or not to hire you, but they can not see your credit score.

Please call anytime with all questions and ...  Always feel free to "LIKE" Credit Restoration Associates on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/Financed1

 

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Navigating the Three Credit Score System

From: Mint.com

Each of us has three credit reports housed by the three major credit reporting agencies; Experian, Equifax and TransUnion. And, for most of us those three credit files are scoreable.

Most lenders will make decisions using just one of our credit bureau risk scores.

That means when you apply for a credit card or an auto loan, the lender is going to buy one of your three credit reports and one of your three FICO scores (or, less frequently, one of your three VantageScores) to make their lending decision.

The only exception to the “one report for one loan” rule is in the mortgage environment. the mortgage lender will almost always pull all three of your credit reports, all three of your FICO scores, and then base their decision on your middle score.

How Widely Your Scores Can Range

Each of your credit scores is going to be different, primarily because the information in our credit files is never 100 percent identical.

Additionally, because of the common lending practice of only pulling one credit score, it’s almost a guarantee that lenders are going to see different numbers for us depending one which of our three credit reports they happen to purchase.

For example, my FICO scores vary by 24 points from my highest score to my lowest.

My highest score is based on my Equifax data and my lowest is based on my TransUnion data. This means if I applied for any loan outside of a mortgage and the lender pulled my TransUnion credit report they’d see my lowest FICO score. If that “lowest” score fell below the lender’s risk threshold, I could be denied the loan or approved but with less advantageous terms.

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8 Secret Scores That Lenders Keep Part 1

By Liz Pulliam Weston from MSN Money


Lenders track every last detail of your spending habits, and then use the data to estimate not just how big a risk you are but how profitable a customer you might be.


Recently my husband and I received nearly identical balance-transfer offers from our respective Bank of America cards. The offers were identical, that is, except for the rates we'd be given. He was enticed with a 0% rate. Mine was 2.99%.


We live at the same address and share the same income. We both have high credit scores (although his are, annoyingly, a few points higher than mine).


So are these different offers evidence of rampant sexism on BofA's part? Hardly. The pitches were the result of complex and largely secret scoring systems that most financial institutions use to boost profits while limiting losses.


You've heard by now of credit scores, the three-digit numbers lenders use to gauge your creditworthiness. Credit scores predict how likely you are to default on a credit account or loan; they're used to help set interest rates and terms.


What you may not know is that credit scores are just the start of the way financial institutions evaluate you, and they're not even the most commonly used scores -- far from it.


While a credit card issuer might check your credit scores once a month as part of its regular account review process, the same company probably checks other kinds of scores every time you pull out your plastic.


"Every single transaction has some sort of score being generated," said credit scoring expert John Ulzheimer, president of Credit.com's education services and author of the book "You're Nothing But a Number." "Generally they're checking whether the transaction is likely to be fraudulent, but there are other reasons as well."


You're being judged by the type of transactions you make, how you pay your bills, how much profit you generate for your lenders and a host of other factors. The scoring formulas might be created by the credit bureaus, third parties or the lenders themselves. Banks and other financial institutions are tight-lipped about many of the details of these other scoring systems, but they're used to determine:


* The kind of credit card offers you get.

* Whether your credit limits are raised or suddenly lowered.

* Whether your over-limit credit or debit transactions are approved.

* Whether your card issuer calls you about a suspicious transaction, blocks it or shuts down your account.

* How cooperative your issuer is about waiving fees or lowering your interest rate.

* How quickly your issuer calls you if your payment is late.

* Whether a collection agency contacts you about an old debt and how hard it pushes.


Your credit scores are just the start.


Here are some of the ways you might be scored, roughly following the life cycle of a credit account. You're very familiar with credit-risk scores, but the other eight rarely see the light of day.


Credit-risk scores: These are the credit scores most of us know. The leading credit score, the FICO, was created by Fair Isaac and ranges from 300 to 850, with scores over 700 generally considered to be low risk.


Response score: This score predicts the likelihood a consumer will respond to an offer of credit, such as a new card or a balance transfer offer. Credit card issuers use response scores to decide whom to target and how to customize offers to appeal to particular consumers, said Chisoo Lyons, vice president for analytic research at Fair Isaac, which created the leading FICO credit score as well as many other scoring formulas.


Application score: This score scoops up data from your credit application that's not included in your credit scores, said Ulzheimer, who worked for Fair Isaac and for credit bureau Equifax before joining Credit.com. That data include how much you earn, how long you've lived at your current address and how long you've worked for your current employer. Application scores are typically used in combination with other scores, such as credit and bankruptcy scores, to determine whether to open the account, what rate to give and how much credit to extend.


Bankruptcy score: Credit scores typically predict the chance you'll miss a payment in the next two years. Bankruptcy scores predict the likelihood you'll throw in the towel on your debt entirely and file for Chapter 7 liquidation or a Chapter 13 repayment plan, said David Rubinger, spokesman for credit bureau Equifax, which produces the leading Bankruptcy Navigator Index or BNI. BNIs range from 1 to 300, with the higher the score, the lower the predicted risk. Most lenders use both credit scores and bankruptcy scores, Ulzheimer said, to help assess the risk that you won't pay.


Revenue score: Lenders want to maximize the profitability of each account, and one way they do that is to gauge how much money each account is likely to generate.


Continue to 8 Secret Scores That Lenders Keep Part 2



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8 Secret Scores That Lenders Keep Part 2

Attrition-risk score: Attrition risk refers to the likelihood a user will stop using a card, and attrition-risk scores are typically used in combination with other scores to determine what to do next if you look ready to bolt. If your account generates a lot of revenue and is deemed at low risk for default or bankruptcy, for example, the issuer might aggressively try to keep your business by jacking up your credit limit, lowering your rate and pelting you with convenience checks. If your account isn't that profitable or is deemed risky, on the other hand, the issuer might just let you go.


Behavior score: Credit scores provide a snapshot of how a consumer is handling all of his or her credit accounts. Behavior scores, by contrast, typically focus on a single account (the one you have with that particular creditor) but take in a broad view. Does the user pay off her bills every month, carry a balance occasionally or frequently pay only the minimums on her cards? That information typically isn't available on a credit report, but is contained in the issuer's databases, along with other data that helps the score describe how she handles her account. A behavior score might be used in conjunction with other scores, such as credit or bankruptcy scores, to decide whether an overdue payment is an aberration (maybe he's traveling?) or a sign of impending financial crisis (maybe we should call the consumer today and find out what's going on).


Transaction score: These are the scores run each time you use your plastic to determine whether the transaction should be approved. Issuers are typically looking for signs the transaction might be fraudulent, but transaction data can be used in other ways as well (more on that in a minute).


Collection score: You've failed to pay for long enough that your card has been turned over to a collection agency. These agencies use collection scores to assess the likelihood that you'll be able to pay them and sort their list of debtors accordingly. Collection agencies watch for all kinds of evidence that your financial situation may be improving, Ulzheimer said, from better credit scores to another collector's account suddenly being reset to 0, indicating it's been paid off.


If, on the other hand, your credit is in the dumps or the amount involved is small, the collection agency may make minimal effort.


"Why spend time and effort to track you down if you're not likely to pay?" Ulzheimer said. "Probably the most cost-effective (tactic) is to write you a letter, put it on your credit report and wait for you to call them."


Waiting, watching, hoping...


As several of the previous examples show, lenders and others often combine different types of scores to assess you. Sometimes the evaluations become pretty sophisticated.


One scoring model sold to lenders, the TRIAD Transaction Score created by Fair Isaac, takes into account credit risk, attrition, potential revenue and patterns in the user's charging behavior that might indicate higher or lower risk.


Let's say you typically spent $1,000 a month on your credit card, usually on toys, clothes and eating out at family restaurants. Then one month your spending changes -- you still spend $1,000, but now it's to get cash advances, buy groceries and gamble at the local racetrack.

The scoring formula may decide you've gone from Stable Family Guy to Desperate Unemployed Guy and flag the issuer that you've become a higher-risk customer.


Instead of a single three-digit number, TRIAD generates three numbers. Typically the scores will include a credit-risk score and an attrition score, both somewhere on a scale of 50 to 999 with higher numbers being riskier, plus a dollar figure to indicate the account's potential revenue generation.


If the issuer decides the risk of your default outweighs the profits you generate, it might reduce your credit limit. If you're a profitable customer, on the other hand, the card issuer might wait awhile to see if your situation improves.


Yes, it is rocket science...


How issuers decide what to do with the scores depends on their companies' policies, and even those are often changing targets. Credit card issuers constantly tweak their systems to maximize profits and minimize losses.


"Those guys at NASA have nothing on the Ph.D.s who work for credit card companies," Ulzheimer said. "They're Mensa-level smart, and they are very, very sophisticated in the ways they use credit data."


Which is not to say issuers, or the scoring systems they use, never make mistakes. Case in point: an issuer sending two different offers to the same household, as they did to ours. Most issuers use software to make sure that doesn't happen, Ulzheimer said; they don't want us comparing notes. (Bank of America didn't return my calls about the issue.)


In fact, financial institutions in general aren't eager to reveal how they make the decisions they do -- and that's not likely to change soon. While you have a federal right to see your credit scores, that's not true with other scores, which lenders often consider proprietary information.


Is that a crisis for consumers? I have mixed feelings about that. You clearly need to see your credit scores, since they influence so much of your financial life across the board. But given how many of these other scores are in use, how different they are and how many ways they're applied, I'm not sure I really want to see them all.



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